MIMO or MulTIple-Output (MulTIple-Input MulTIple-Output) technology refers to the use of multiple transmit and receive antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end respectively, so that signals are transmitted and received through multiple antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end, thereby improving Communication quality. It can make full use of space resources and realize multiple transmission and multi-receiver through multiple antennas. It can double the system channel capacity without increasing the spectrum resources and antenna transmission power, showing obvious advantages and being regarded as the next generation mobile. The core technology of communication. (spaTIal mulTIplexing) works under the MIMO antenna configuration, which can greatly increase the information transmission rate compared with the SISO system without increasing the bandwidth, thereby greatly improving the spectrum utilization. At the transmitting end, the high rate data stream is split into a plurality of lower rate sub-streams, and different sub-streams are transmitted on the same frequency band on different transmitting antennas. If the airspace subchannel formed between the transmitting end and the receiving antenna array is sufficiently different, the spatial domain dimension can be additionally provided outside the time domain and the frequency domain, so that signals transmitted on different transmitting antennas can be distinguished from each other, The receiver is able to distinguish these parallel sub-data streams without additional frequency or time resources. The spatial multiplexing technology can greatly improve the channel capacity under high SNR conditions, and can be used under the condition of "open loop", that is, the channel information cannot be obtained at the transmitting end. The "Bell Lab Layered Space Time" (BLAST) proposed by Foschini et al. is a typical spatial multiplexing technique. (spatial diversity): The same data is transmitted by multiple transmission channels provided by multiple antennas at the transmitting or receiving end to enhance the transmission quality of the data. Beamforming: A beam with directivity is generated by multiple antennas, concentrating energy in the direction of transmission, increasing signal quality, and reducing interference with other users. (precoding): Precoding is mainly to improve the performance by modifying the characteristics of the channel. The above MIMO related technologies are not exclusive, but can be applied together. For example, a MIMO system can include space division multiplexing and diversity. When the signal transmitted by the radio is reflected, multiple signals are generated. Each signal is a spatial stream. Systems using single-input single-output (SISO) can only send or receive one spatial stream at a time. MIMO allows multiple antennas to simultaneously transmit and receive multiple spatial streams, and is capable of distributing signals to or from different spatial orientations. The application of MIMO technology makes space a resource that can be used to improve performance and increase the coverage of wireless systems. Increase channel capacity Between MIMO access points and MIMO clients, multiple spatial streams can be simultaneously transmitted and received. The channel capacity can be linearly increased as the number of antennas increases. Therefore, the MIMO channel can be used to double the wireless channel capacity. Without increasing bandwidth and antenna transmit power, spectrum utilization can be multiplied. Improve channel reliability With the spatial multiplexing gain and spatial diversity gain provided by the MIMO channel, multiple antennas can be utilized to suppress channel fading. The application of multi-antenna system enables parallel data streams to be transmitted simultaneously, which can significantly overcome channel fading and reduce bit error rate. 1 Space-time coding of transmit diversity There are two main types of space-time coding based on transmit diversity technology, namely Space Time Block Code (STBC) and Space Time Code (STTC). Although the space-time coding scheme cannot directly increase the data rate, the information is transmitted independently and uncorrelatedly through these parallel spatial channels, so that the signal obtains the diversity gain at the receiving end, which creates conditions for the data to achieve high-order modulation. 2 spatial multiplexing The system divides the data into multiple copies and transmits them on multiple antennas at the transmitting end. After receiving the mixed signals of multiple data, the receiving end distinguishes these parallel data streams by using independent fading characteristics between different spatial channels. Thereby achieving the goal of obtaining a higher data rate within the same frequency resource. Spatial multiplexing differs from transmit diversity in that it transmits different information on different antennas. 3 beamforming technology The beamforming technology, also known as smart antenna, performs phase weighting on the correlation of the output signals of multiple antennas, so that the signals form in-phase superposition in a certain direction and phase cancellation in other directions, thereby realizing the gain of the signal.
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Introduction to three modes of mimo technology, mimo technology, mimo technology
First, MIMO definition